Effects Of Foreign Direct Investment On Economic Growth

Joana Hassan Katherine Schmeiser International Trade 17th October, 2015 Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Ghana Abstract It has been widely believed that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) assists developing countries with the much-needed capital for economic growth. Part of the foreign direct investment is the inflow of up to date technology and management skills. In this paper, I will investigate to what extent foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana affects the nation s Economic Growth and Development by addressing selected macro economic variables including GDP, Employment and Wages (Income). The Heckscher-ohlin model will be used to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment and Economic growth whiles Graphical analysis will be used to determine the effects of foreign direct investment on the selected macroeconomic variables. What has increasing FDI inflows contributed to Ghana’s economic growth? Has the contribution increased or decreased overtime? Has the effects of foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana been positive or negative? The study seeks to answer these an d many more questions on the effects of foreign direct investment. I hypothesize that foreign direct investment has no significant impact on GDP but positively affects employment and wages overtime. Foreign direct investment should therefore be encouraged in developing countries like Ghana. Introduction FDI in Ghana has been on the rise in the past fewShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Malaysia3880 Words   |  16 Pages The general and specific objectives are listed and the scopes of the study are described. 1.1 Background of the Study 1.1.1 Malaysia Economic Growth Malaysian economy was consistently reached a GDP growth of more than 7% followed by the low inflation rate in the 1980s and 1990s. The economy went on to an extensive diversification and continued economic growth averaging 9% per annum in the period of 1988-1997. During the year of 1996-1997, on average, the economy had grown at annual rate of 8.7%Read MoreEffects Of Foreign Direct Investment On Agricultural Output And Economic Growth Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesempirically examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on agricultural output and economic growth in Kenya. The methodology involves estimating an economic growth model using panel data of the period from 1990 to 2013. By applying the OLS method, the results indicate that FDIhas a negative effect on the economy overall, while combining with other factors such as labour, GCF and exports. However, on its own, FDI’s prove to have a positive but insignificant effect on GDP. 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Conflict Management - 1469 Words

Conflict Management Conflict Management Yamil Little Strayer University BUS520 Dr. Anthony Hughes 02/27/11 Conflict Management Introduction In today’s ever-changing business environment organizations encounter varying levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Intrapersonal conflict is a battle within oneself, which usually involves a life goal and/or change. Interpersonal conflict is when two or more people have opposing perspectives to a given situation. Intragroup conflict is when disagreements occur amongst some or all members of a group and ultimately affects productivity. Intergroup conflict is when disagreements occur between different teams or groups. The†¦show more content†¦Occurring Conflicts Mike Hammer, CEO of General Hospital, realized that there were many problems within the hospital. Without progressive action the hospital would soon face survivability issues and possibly lose its accreditation to practice medicine. Mike Hammer’s biggest challenge at General Hospital was to cut costs while increasing revenues so that promising current services added in areas that will allow General Hospital to compete with the medical center. In Hammer’s experience physician costs were a major factor in the inability of hospitals being able to regulate costs. He believed that physicians didn’t understand that their costs were directly connected to the viability of the hospital in which they worked. General Hospital’s failure to achieve effective cost control methods led Hammer to believe that physician-controlled costs had to be addressed, one physician at a time. The hiring of Marge Harding as the hospital’s chief operating officer and giving her unilateral authority to place contacts and fire employees enabled Mike Hammer to test his cost control theory. At General Hospital Dr. James Boyer, whose salary is roughly $100,000 a year, interpreted all EKG readings. 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Conflict is â€Å"an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achievingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.† This is true because according to O’Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. 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Bhaviour across the lifespan Free Essays

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development is I think explained best the personality development of an individual. His theory focused on the boundary between the child and the environment and then graphed the evolution of the maturing ego’s relations with an expanding social world. Psychological developments results from the interaction between maturational process or biological needs and the societal demands and social forces encountered in everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Bhaviour across the lifespan or any similar topic only for you Order Now His theory concerns psychological development throughout the lifespan, rather than just the birth through adolescence. He based his theory on the concept of epigenetic principle, which means that development takes place in order, clearly identified stages, and that phase ought to be adequately resolved for growth to proceed smoothly. The eight stages of the life cycle clearly illustrate the development of an infant to his older years. He believes that development does not end when maturity is reached, but extends into old age which is very true. The process of learning continues throughout life. For instance, stage 1 of Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust theory, infants learn either to trust or mistrust that their needs will be met on the basis of their experience (Sternberg and Wilson, 2004). Successful passage of this stage leads to a child that wants to learn to become self-sufficient and to develop his own independence. At each step of development, children learn that certain behaviors are acceptable whereas others are not. The years of middle childhood are particularly for the learning taught by the family, culture, and society. Peer relationships become more important over family. Erikson believed that individuals on this stage search for an identity as part of the society and must balance the desire to be unique and the need to conform. Adulthood life stages focused on achieving unselfish love, the feeling of productivity and wisdom. Certainly, that many people experience conflicts at the ages Erikson specified, everyone would undergo the eight life cycles, but then successful passage of these stages can be a healthy experience for an individual. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been regarded as a neurotic disorder, like phobias and anxiety states. A neurotic patient, unlike a psychotic, he is aware that he has a problem- that is, he has insight and his contact with the outside world is relatively intact. People with this problem can suffer considerable distress, and often feel that they are helpless victims. Severe OCD can cause major incapacitation and drastically affects people’s lives. Criteria used for diagnosing OCD are: a person must have obsessions, compulsions or both; the disorder is not due to another disorder such as depression or organic disorders. Finally, the obsession and/or compulsion cause distress to the person and interfere with his life and activities (Penzel, 2000). A person with this disorder experienced unwanted recurrent and persistent thought which is not voluntarily produced just like when one is saying I am obsessed in football but experiences that invade a person’s consciousness that can be worrying, repugnant, blasphemous, obscene or nonsensical. An obsession is a passive experience: it happens to the person. He may be engaged in some activity, like driving a car, when the obsession intrudes into his consciousness. It disrupts his normal thinking and behavior. Compulsion on the other hand is a repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior that is performed according to specific rules or in a stereotyped manner (Maj, 2003). The behavior is not an end in itself, but is usually intended to prevent some situation or event, though, the action is not related in a logical or reasonable way, or it may be clearly excessive. The person feels a strong compulsive urge to engage in a particular behavior which he carries out despite resistance and recognizing that it is irrational or excessive. Recovering from OC disorder is not simply a matter of sheer willpower or resistance. OC individuals need intensive help in retraining themselves, both in terms of behavior and their outlook on life. Therapies such as behavioral, cognitive and psychotherapy are the treatments that were used by psychiatrist in order to help an OC person to overcome his disease. Medications like antidepressants can also help to treat OCD, but important treatment came from the person itself, his willingness and the support from the people around him. WORK CITED Sternberg, R. Wilson, J. (2004). Psychology. US: Thomson Wadsworth Maj, M. (2003). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. England: John Wiley and Sons Penzel, F. (2000). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well. New York: Oxford University Press How to cite Bhaviour across the lifespan, Papers

Relevance of the Abundance of Natural Resources in U.S. Compared to Countries without Natural Resources free essay sample

Historians traditionally considered abundance of natural resources as the direct cause of industrial revolution and economic success in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance of the Abundance of Natural Resources in U.S. Compared to Countries without Natural Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. However, the bright example of Japan suggests that the presence or absence of natural resources is not the determining factor driving economic stability and prosperity among industrial states. In reality, American economic successes stretch far beyond the traditional â€Å"resource† vision, and are the direct results of the thoroughly developed approaches to exploration, research, human capital, and marketing. The mere lack or abundance of natural resources is not always the source of economic successes in particular countries; rather, the ability to combine science and exploration with talents, trade, and marketing help countries use their resource potential to the fullest, and form the basis for economic development and economic stability in international contexts. David Wright (1991) were the first to pay attention to the role mineral resources played in economic development; they were the first to explore whether abundance of natural resources could serve the determining factor of economic success in the U.S. The results of the thorough historic research suggest that mineral resources may significantly contribute into the quality and level of the country’s industrial development only when the country is able to fully exploit its natural resource potential. â€Å"Minerals with economic value do indeed occur unevenly across the surface of the earth, but, between 1850 and 1950, the United States exploited its resource potential to a far greater extent that other countries of the world† (David Wright 1991, p. 2). Abundance of mineral resources alone could hardly drive economic development in the United States; rather, the intensity of exploration, research, the quality of technologies used, and political factors have turned the American state into the international economic leader. The natural richness of the American lands has subsequently increased the weight of exports in the U.S. economy, by combining research with talented personnel and well-developed marketing techniques. The presence or absence of mineral resources forms a whole complex of related issues that should be timely resolved to ensure that natural resources increase the effectiveness of national economic performance. The abundance of natural resources in the U.S. should be re-considered through the prism of supplementary economic successes, which drove the need for better exploration techniques and the better quality of manufactured materials. For example, â€Å"advances in steel were in turn complementary to progress in other industries. U.S. rubber-tire makers were well behind the French during the bicycle craze of the 1890s, and only gained productivity advantage in conjunction with mass production of automobiles† (Wright 1990, p.655). As a result, the state’s ability to develop potential markets where natural resources could be effectively used determined the success of exploration procedures, and increased the relative importance of nature in driving the national economic success. Wright and Irwin suggest that the successful combination of natural resource abundance and reliable marketing approaches formed a new system of the American exports, heavily dependent on the quality and amount of the new products which could be produced in the U.S. but were unavailable elsewhere (Wright 1990, p. 654). The American resource leadership was the direct result of the efficient combination between marketing, human capital, and science, decreasing product costs and increasing the intensiveness of exploration and use for nonrenewable natural resources (Irwin 2003, pp. 367-368). Conclusion Against traditional beliefs, abundance of natural resources is not the determining feature driving economic success; rather, the country’s ability to invest into exploration, research, and to combine resource abundance with effective trade and marketing strategies determine the success of economic development in international contexts. In the U.S., natural richness was successfully supplemented with effective economic, marketing, and political measures, having turned the country into the international exporting leader, and promoting the importance of complex approaches to the development and research of natural economic gifts.

The outcomes of La Machine Infernale Essay Example For Students

The outcomes of La Machine Infernale Essay His nai vety is what prevents him from seeing the trap he is walking into here : Une femme qui pourrait etre votre mire! Lessentiel est quelle ne le soit pas. In addition, his charming personality and flirtatious behaviour, Puis-je vous demander votre nom? are important in convincing the Sphinx to spare him, and give him the answer to the riddle. Finally, the Sphinx gives i dipus her human remains to take as evidence of his success, and therefore helps him on his way towards his tragic end. Had i dipus been more sensitive, she might have warned him of the mistake he was making, yet he was too vain to thank her, leading her to encourage him on his route to self-destruction, Vous raminerez ma di pouille i Thi bes et lavenir vous ri compensera selon vos mi rites. We will write a custom essay on The outcomes of La Machine Infernale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The third and final occurrence which I will use to assess the roles of fate, chance and human responsibility within the play, is the suicide and self-inflicted blindness which follow the revelation revealed in the final act. Up until this point, Fate had been the driving force behind the events which have taken place within the last seventeen years. We now reach the situation which has been set up and developed over the years to raise idipus to a status from which it would be please the Gods for him to fall from. It is chance that Polybe died at this time, after Jocaste and i dipus have produced four children, but during this scene, I believe that i dipus is responsible for the unveiling of how he has fulfilled his fate perfectly. One might argue that in expressing joy at the death of someone whom he believed to be his natural father, he is punished by the discovery of his adoption, vous ni tiez que son fils adoptif. As Tiresias points out, idipus likes to know everything, and as he pushes the messenger for more information, it is he himself who is responsible for the outcome of this scene, and the play in general, jinterrogerai sans crainte. Yet, i dipus cannot even be said to be honourable at this point, as he falsely blames Tiresias of having forced him to admit his crime, vous mavez poussi i dire que ji tais un assassin . Human responsibility becomes more evident when it is revealed how both Jocaste and i dipus lied to each other, Mon histoire de chassefausse come tant dautres, Jocaste a di mettre son crime sur le compte dune de ses servantes. At this point, Jocaste is tortured by that which she has ignored or been unaware of throughout her marriage, and i dipus is similarly delirious, cest fini fini before blinding himself. Jocaste and i dipus have displayed the same personality traits as they try to outwit the Gods, by running away from or abandoning that which connects them to the fate which has been prophesised. Their naivety is displayed at numerous points throughout, and in idipus case, the words are even said to him, Une femme qui pourrait etre votre mi re! , making his ignorance pathetic, if not comedic. Human responsibility is the last factor which plays a major role in this play, yet Fate is in my opnion, the most important of all as it is the fate decided by the Gods which was the starting point of the tragedy. Chance has a relatively small part to play, as although it decided the details such as how i dipus kills Laius, and the way in which Jocaste and i dipus find out they have committed incest, their fate and therefore the outcome of the play, remains the same.

Why is Act 1 Scene 5 an effective piece of drama Essays

Why is Act 1 Scene 5 an effective piece of drama Essays Why is Act 1 Scene 5 an effective piece of drama Essay Why is Act 1 Scene 5 an effective piece of drama Essay The purpose of this coursework is to analyse one of the most famous and moving scenes in William Shakespeares playwrights and for sure the most emotional one in Romeo and Juliet.I will start to give some background information about the play and the social and historical context, afterwards I will continue and try to reflect on the characters, structure and language.It is always important to take into consideration that Shakespeare was a practical theatre writer having in mind the real Globe Theatre in Bankside.The evidence suggests that it was a three-story, open-air amphitheatre that could house around 3,000 spectators. The cheapest tickets cost one penny and were in the yard, this was in front of the stage. The balcony housed the musicians and could also be used for scenes requiring an upper space, such as the balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet.The difference between the theatres today and the special quality was apart from the buildings the proximity from the audience and the ac tors.Everyone was allowed to see Shakespeares plays and people liked to see the world of rich families combined with a drama.The play starts with a prologue where the audience finds the storyline out. The show plays in the Italian city of Verona, where two rich families with their whole household are living. The Capulets and Montagues. These two families are for ages in a feud, none knows exactly when and why this started. This feud ranges from the Lord to the most gentry servant from each household. They like to argue and fight with the hated family.The daughters from such rich families live very protected, they have no close relationship with their parents. The nurse is their closest person, before they get married. Girls never meet people at the same age. The only opportunity to meet many people are the parties their father give. Like Lord Capulet does in this special scene.The first reason for this party is to introduce Juliet to Paris the man he has choosen to be her husband. The marriages are always arranged by their father and the girls are not allowed to choose a husband by themselves (on their own).Another reason is to show everyone in which wealth they live and how hospitable they could be.The scene begins with servants starting with preparations for the big party. In fact they have always prepared everything, but were not allowed to come to this event. The serving men are using everyday language and short sentences sense of preparing. E.g. Wheres Potpan, that he helps not to take away?The first serving man pleases another serving man, to save a piece of marchpane for him. This shows that these people could just dream about the food, which is served on the party.The same serving man tells the others that they should come to the great chamber. How should we work here and there, is the question from another serving man.Capulet enters to meet his guests. He welcomes them with a repetition of welcome showing that the host is very hospitable, friendly and relaxed. Capulet would like that everyone enjoys himself. The first impression is positive.Capulet talks with his cousin about their youth. How long ist now since last yourself and I were in a mask? People get in mask to the party like it was in Shakespeares time. This is a kind of enjoying, fun and mystery. This chat between Capulet and his cousin shows the audience that they are close family members and like each other.In the meantime Romeo sees Juliet for the first time and asks a serving man, who she is he does not know.Romeo is fascinated by her beauty and starts to speak about her in sonnet form. This is a sign of love, in Shakespeares dramas. He speaks from Juliet as burn bright, what says that Juliet is a girl of lightness and brightness. Beauty too rich for use for earth too dear! Romeo means that Juliet is somehow too good for this world. And he realises that he never felt real love before he met Juliet Did my heart love till now? For Romeo Juliet has a magic char isma.This reaction makes the audience sceptical, but then they remember the prologue and are interested to find out what will come next.And also after hearing the everyday language spoken by the servants in the beginning and the relaxed wording of Capulet these sayings are magical and they start to take Romeo seriously because he talks of her as his deep love.The audience is transported in a world of love Romeo lives in a world of peace and beauty, but the worlds danger and trueness is close, too close.Tybalt recognises Romeo and wants to take his rapier. You are reminded of the conflict and the peace moment is gone.The language Tybalt uses takes the audience back to the danger situation To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin.His uncle, Capulet tries to calm him down. He stays relaxed in the beginning and talks well of Romeo, because he wants the party to follow and the audience to feel that nothing bad is going to happen.But Tybalt does not want to keep the peace, he feels stron gly about being evil to Romeo It fits, when such a villain is a guest.Capulet gets angry, shows who has the saying and how he could be.You can now see the true side of his character, that Capulet is a dictator, he replies to show that he would not listen to what Tybalt says. Capulet sends Tybalt away.Tybalt says I will withdraw: but this intrusion shall now seeming sweet convert to bitter gall that he will take revenge and so the audience gets unconvertible looking to the future.Romeo and Juliet speak and kiss for the first time.They speak in sonnet form what shows the audience that it is a traditional love poem. Romeo says that Juliet is a holy shrine in this time people were very religious, so they talk about each other in a divine language. The repetition of pilgrims reflects the love they feel for each other.The language is soft and flows smoothly, just endlessly beautiful. This part of the scene ends with a kiss the audience reacts shocked, because they realise the danger of the situation.Juliets nurse comes and tells her, that her mother would like to see her, this brings everyone back into reality.Juliet goes and Romeo asks the nurse, who her mother is. The audience would like to protect him from the truth, but it is too late he finds out that Juliet is the daughter of Lord and Lady Capulet. He says O dear account! My life is my foes debt -the danger remains and is the start of the dramatic ending.Capulet makes the party an end and the guests leave. Juliet finds out that Romeo is a Montague. She speaks with opposites My grave is like to be my wedding bed and My only love sprung from my only hate a prophecy for the further scene which ends with a pessimistic note. The audience realises that nothing good will happen and that two such young people will die, because of their true love.Shakespeare structured the scene in eight parts, depending on emotion and plot. This is the only scene in the whole play which contains so many different emotions and changes so fast from hate to love from peace to revenge. Also this is probably the most important scene, because it covers everything what is necessary to continue the plot.After the end of the scene you know exactly what will happen and you get an insight into the main characters.

Health and nutrition worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health and nutrition worksheet - Essay Example Physical activity enables one to fight depression, boost energy, manage weight, build muscles and sleep better. To get enough physical activity, one should change their sedentary lifestyle and engage in activities that require movement. Factors that influence food choices include: biological factors like taste, appetite and hunger; economic factors like one’s income, availability, and cost; social factors like peer pressure and culture; physical factors like time, cooking skills and access to food; and knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about food. This is because not everyone can access the same food due to the above differences. Proteins consist of large amino acids which are broken down when chewing then digested in the stomach then in the small intestines for absorption. Carbohydrates are digested from the mouth where saliva breaks and passes them to the esophagus and stomach for further digestion. Carbohydrates make one feel fuller longer because some are stored in the liver for later usage. Nutrients are used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through various processes such as glycolysis whereby glucose found in nutrients is broken down into two subunits referred to as pyruvate. After pyruvate has been formed by glycolysis, respiration will enable nutrients to produce ATP by facilitating the combination of pyruvates with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide, thus forming

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final exam - Essay Example President Obama won with a landslide because of the extreme challenges that the country was facing due to poor Republican Party leadership under former president Bush administration. Retrospective voting is a type of voting whereby people vote for officials when times are good and against them when times are bad. In this case, parties vying for the various seats compete by emphasizing on competence, the way they reflect on public goals and not by taking particular policy stands. Under retrospective voting, voters do not bother in forming preferences on complex issues, but rather vote depending on their evaluation of the past performance. This means that voters focus only on the most essential issues and it demands very little of the voters. Moreover, politicians have a strong incentive in solving problems that the public wants them solved. Retrospective voting also gives room for deliberation and experimentation of unpopular policies provided the results are pleasing to the citizens before the next elections. Its main disadvantage is the fact that it is not easy to get rid of bad political leaders unless extremely bad disasters happen. Prospective voting on the other hand refers to the type of voting that involves considering the future wellbeing of the citizens or country at large been in the voters mind. Both these two types of voting are very common in the USA. There are many complaints about the US bureaucracies though some of the most common complaints include the issue of duplication of duties as some bureaucracies are said to be too large. Some other people complain about them being too expensive to run with other arguing that they are extremely powerful. The issue of speed is also often raised whenever discussing bureaucracies whereby some people claim that they act very slowly since federal employees seem to have so much job security thus have little fear of losing their jobs because of

Value chain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Value chain - Case Study Example Studies from a range of disciplines show that global value chains have become much more prevalent and elaborate in the past 10 to 15 years.' Global value chains now contain activities that are tightly integrated and often managed on a day-to-day basis. The globalisation of value chains is motivated by a number of factors. Continuous growth of competition in domestic and international markets forces firms to become more efficient and lower costs. One way of achieving that goal is to source inputs from more efficient producers, either domestically or internationally, and either within or outside the boundaries of the firm. Emergence of new markets and access to strategic assets that can help tap into foreign knowledge is one of the important motivations of global value chain. Notwithstanding these anticipated benefits, engaging in global value chains also involves costs and risks for firms. Increasing liberalisation of trade and decreasing costs of transport and communication have made it possible for enterprises to split up production processes into more complex parts spread to an increasing degree across national borders. The result is often that each enterprise specialises in a core area of production while other activities are outsourced to suppliers. This leads to a fragmentation of the production process, which is counterbalanced by closer integration between the enterprise and its trading partners http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/35/38558080.pdf (Feenstra, 1998). Trade in intermediates Global value chains allow intermediate and final production to be outsourced abroad, leading to increased trade through exports and imports, and to a rapidly growing volume of intermediate inputs being exchanged between different countries. In 2003, 54% of world manufactured imports were classified as intermediate goods which include primary goods, parts and components and semi-finished goods. Relocations of existing activities Relocation of activities overseas is also a factor of growth of international sourcing. Sometimes implying the total or partial closure of the production in the home country while at the same time creating or expanding affiliates abroad producing the same goods and services as in the host country. More often, it is about the substitution of domestic stages of production by activities performed in foreign locations, with goods and services being exported from the host country to the home country. The basic purpose of relocation of activities is to gain higher product quality, efficient assets utilization with lower cost. Outsourcing and off shoring Global value chain made possible fragmentation of the production process across various countries, which have given rise to considerable restructuring in firms including the outsourcing and off shoring of certain functions. Outsourcing typically involves the purchase of intermediate goods and services from outside specialist providers, while off shoring refers to purchases by firms of intermediate goods and services from foreign providers, or to the transfer of particular tasks within the firm to a foreign location (Figure 1). Off shoring thus includes both international outsourcing where activities are contracted out to independent third parties abroad and international in-sourcing to foreign affiliates. http://www.oecd.o

Company overview of ibm

Company overview of ibm IBM one of the leader brand of I.T industry which is basically related to computing, having its arm spreads to almost all dimension of technology weather it is about gadget or the software. IBM is worlds largest information technology company with 2005 revenues of $91 billion.   IBM provides the biggest of the following services: IBM has invested in IT services ($47B), IBM has invested in hardware ($24B) and IBM has invested in rental and financing ($2B). Approximately 329000 employees have been hired by the company and the business is flourishing in almost 170 countries. â€Å"International Business machine is an I.T giant now days, stretching it hands†. The IBM now days provides wide range of data storage as well as servers with enormous storage devices as well as servers secure database. IBM is now aiming for animation, consolidation which saves wide range physical assets. IBM has also good contribution in the space research like IBM ThinkPad 750. The environment monitoring software was established by IBM in 1999 which has contributed to environment management and protection. IBMs system/390 is the world most powerful mainframe computer. Many cost effective technologies were developed by IBM like, instead of pure silicon chip, introduced a blend of silicon and germanium. IBM designed the website for Nagano Olympic winter games, the website made 650 million hits from around the world. IBM earns more profit than the next nine computer firms generated in total sales, spending more on research and development than they made in earnings. This report is focuses on the new strategies through which IBM survived over the competitions. This report shows how IBM states itself feasible beside of its massive operation size. 2).Strategic Analysis: This includes the following aspects: Vision Statement: IBM strives to lead the invention, development and manufacturing of the industrys most updated information technologies, which includes softwares, computer systems, microelectronics, and storage systems. It translates these advanced technologies into value for its customers by providing professional solutions, services and consulting businesses worldwide. Mission Statement: IBMs main activity is to find solutions to its wide range of clients using the advanced technology. Its clients comprises of individual users, specialised businesses, and institutions such as government, science, defence, spatial and educational organisations. IBM is a multi-tasking company that creates, develops and manufactures many of the worlds most updated technologies, ranging from computer systems and software to networking systems, storage devices and microelectronics, in order to meet and respond to its customers needs. Through this mission statement IBM is striving to dynamically galvanize their props in various field and trying to maintain a stabilize balance between all above aspect like clients, government, educational organisation etc. The main strategy of IBM is to deliver its high value added services to customers by using its server product. And it can be divided into 4 pieces as follows: Reallocation of the resources in order to enhance its server product business, reduce the operation costs and increase the level of efficiency. In order to pursue an innovative agenda with its clients, partners and in other relationships, and also to continue refining its portfolio to achieve higher value. The businesses contributing strategically to its portfolio are acquired. In order to maintain its leadership of the rapidly changing business by aiming on high-value innovation-based solved services while generating consistent high returns on the invested capital for its shareholders. To satisfy the stakeholders whose have high powers IBM should consider such new strategies which interest them. For example, for the government in â€Å"keep satisfied†, who have high power (legislation power) but low interest. To conclude, if the strategic decisions are against the benefits of the key stakeholders, that strategy might be difficult to be implemented and achieved. Internal Analysis: Value Chain Analysis Firm Infrastructure: Supply-chain management in IBM, are becoming more complex, harder to manage and more costly to run. In fact, nearly $3.4 trillion was spent on supply chains in 2005. To address this, Supply Chain management business is being established by transforming the outsourcing practice. IBM has been supported by The Supply Chain Management (SCM) to improve costs and customer services, while decreasing overall supply chain inventory. IBMs (2006) Business Performance Management enables companies to view end-to-end processes across the business and IT systems, analysing the execution in real time against goals, and making adjustments as required. For instance, consulting services and the middleware are offered by IBM in order to monitor and stimulate business processes, and also provide clients with real time analysis of the underlying IT systems which carry out those processes. Organisation Structure: Sales Distribution Group. Global Business Services Group. Global Technology Services Group. Software Group. Systems Technology Group. Integrated Operations Group. Innovation Technology Group. HRM: To eliminate repetitions or overlapping and overhead structures to drive productivity, the integration of HRM has improved IBMs capacity to innovate by providing greater clarity of key priorities around shared goals and objectives and leads to a sharper focus for the company on learning, developing and sharing of the knowledge. Perhaps after this integration, IBM has acquired numbers of companies to enhance their capability. However the integration issues could appear during the acquisition process that would be the challenge of the HRM, e.g. the culture conflict. Technology Development: IBMs research and development, operations differentiate IBM from its competitors. IBM annually spends approximately $5-$6 billion for research and development, including capitalized software costs, focusing its investments in high-growth opportunities. IBM has some of the best technology registered in its account that made revolutionary changes through huge amount of business data transferring around the world. Procurement: IBM has development Business Partner relationships with establishment, best-of-breed Supply Chain Management solution providers. IBM provides the products and services, competitive cost, scalable and secure infrastructure along with their solutions which the customers require. Acquisitions and mergers in order to improve their businesses on the high value products and services, IBM acquired service-related companies into the global services segment, and the software-related companies that were integrated into the software segment. Inbound outbound logistics and operations: IBM integrated supply, manufacturing and logistics and customer fulfilment operations in one operating unit to reduce inventories, improve response to marketplace opportunities and external risks and convert fixed to variable cost. This feasibility IBM has acquired after facing a huge flexible competition by Compaq in 1982. Through this flexible and enormous services exchange system IBM now days possessing almost top position at market in its segment. Key financial system/marketing and sales: In 2005, the company realigned its operation and organisational structure in Europe to give sales and delivery teams great authority, accountability and flexibility to make decisions and to execute more effectively on behalf of our clients. The company had broken their dimension to Asian countries in order to increase their sales; company has explored a huge profitable market In Asian specially in middle Far East Asian countries which includes some of the fastest growing countries economies (china, India, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines etc.) Services: Few Services provided by IBM are technology and transformation to the clients, business and invests to improve the ability to help their clients innovate which is really a high value added and profitable process. The service IBM provides besides of above mentioned are middleware services, outsourcing services, security and privacy services, server services and facilities services, mainframes, communications ,mainframe storage, minicomputers and personal computers. Global business services (GBS). IBM global business services replace what was formerly called enterprise business services and business consulting services. Redbooks are distributed by IBM and are increasingly available through online bookstores such as fatbrain.com and amazon.com. IBM provides services basically in three categories: The more it-oriented technology services offerings like strategic outsourcing, integrated technology services and hosting. It infrastructure delivery, which is becoming increasingly strategic as a lever to drive productivity, efficiency and margin improvement. And offerings targeted toward transformation and high-end business value consulting, systems integration, application services, business transformation outsourcing, assist innovation, and strategic business development. Value system analysis: The value system of IBM is as follows: In this value network of server products, the processor and the software providers have higher profit pool than other suppliers. Furthermore the retailers keep a high profit pool for the distribution. Therefore, IBM does not have enough profit space of the server products. Value drivers: Channels value drivers Wholesalers: price, choice, quality, logistics Retailers: price, service, guarantee. Business orders: prices, service, guarantee. The information above shows the main distributors of IBM and their value drivers. Because of high buying power, IBM needs to satisfy its distributors. 3). Demographic Factors: IBM is a software and computers manufacturing and developing company and so the age group interested in the products, information, news provided by the company lies between 20-45 years. The outcomes of the company are more influential for the working group specially the IT industry. More of the computers and the softwares developed by IBM are used by the Businesses like Mc Donald, Safeway, and many more companies. 4).PESTEL analysis: This includes following factors: Political factors: Taxation, heavy taxes in the UK make the IBM server products increase the weakness on the price factor, especially on the premium price IBM products. Economic factors: GDP, factor, the healthy economic environment with strong and stable GDP in all the regions provides a good market for the product and the service business of IBM. Although the rate of increase in GDP is not too fast, this disadvantage element can be balanced by the stability. GDP-composition by sector: The service industry in the world contributed nearly 73.4% to the GDP in 2006.that indicated that the high value added service market in the world is matured, and the customer experience on the service would be higher or more difficult to be satisfied. Socio culture factors: Population and the internet users, in 2006, the population in just UK it was nearly 60,609,153 and according to CIA,(2007),more than half of these people(37.6 million in 2005) were internet users. The well known about the internet indicated the opportunities of relevant product and services. Technological factors: Internet, a survey from CIA,(2007) shows that   there were 6.064,860 internet host in 2006 and more than 400 internet service providers in 2000.in this sophisticated market ,the opportunity and competition will exist together. Environmental factor: In environmental factor dimension the IBM made some of the major technologies like to trace the weather throughout world, IBM made computers for NASA for astrology that made them to set the satellite which monitors the environmental changes over the globe.IBM also added some of the revolutionary environmental friendly strategies which not just provides environmental saving factors, but also cost saving factors like energy cost. Legislate: Main legal constraints for IBM are cyber protection and the chemical the use in marketing hardware (like carbon, germanium and silicon), the cress country business, currency exchange and many legal registrations for their business outsourcing facilities. 5).Potters 5 forces analysis: The threat of entry: The threat of entrants for the server was low because of the enormous costs on the RD, relevant supporters products and services, manufacturing and the distribution. For example ,IBM spent nearly $171 million in system and technology for server product in 2005,(annual report,2006) and IBM spent over $1 billion in Linux operating system in 2001.(shankland,2002)this was only the barrier on the cost, there were other barriers like technique, distribution channels etc. Power of suppliers: Intel and AMD, as the two biggest processor provides (monopolies) in the world, have very strong power on the chip supplying. Although the power of suppliers might be decrease resulting from the competition between these two companies ,the wide range of customers and high cost on switching cause the buyers lack of power   to bargain with these two giants. However, the power of suppliers for other low technical required material parts was much lower than the core hardware providers. Power of buyers: The power of buyers for the server products in the UK was high because the buyer did not concentrate to the firm and the switching costs for the buyers were low. There were many product choices for the buyers, for example IBM, HP, DELL etc. Competitive rivalry: By 2003, the world server market continues to show promising signs; according to IDC, (2003), the competitive rivalry in the market was becoming intense in the world. The competitors included HP, IBM, Sun micro system, DELL, and Fujitsu Siemens computers were becoming fifth leading server vendor in the world. The threat of substitutes: The web hosting business might be the biggest threat of substitute for the server products in the world. The advantages of web hosting include low cost, tech-support, easy to manage and low switching costs. In addition, the advanced personal computer might be another biggest threat to the server product. However, currently the pc cannot instead of professional server for the business uses. 6).SWOT analysis: Following are the points included under this: Strengths: Advanced business performance management. Good organisation culture. Strategic outsourcing mergers and acquisitions. High efficient fulfilment centre. Flexible marketing management. Creative services. As company handling all most 95% of business task of top 1000 companies of wall street, the company have some of the worlds fastest main frame and many revolutionary technologies like speech recognition software with which you can work just with your voice, blue gene a supercomputer which is 500 times fastest than worlds fastest computer and capable of more than one quadrillion operation per second. Through such outperforming technologies IBM is able to provide some of the best back hand facilities. The most recent merge of IBM is with Lenovo in which Lenovo is providing the outer hardware technology and IBM providing all of its latest chip facility .IBM has developed the wide range of services i.e. resiliency services and business continuity, end user services, integrated communication services, it strategy and architecture services, maintainer and technical support services, middleware services, outsourcing services security and privacy services, personal computers and mini compute rs. Now IBM came in market with its revolutionary green technology through which they can save 40% of energy cost through animation, consolidation and consultancy Weakness: High cost in the value chain. Possible acquisition issues. Since, IBM spends much on its research and devolvement then its earning and have very limited supplier in market. Since company owing very sensitive place in the market, because of its massive organisation size the immediate change are likely impossible. Opportunities: Strong and stable economic market co ntext. Sophisticated service market. High individual consumption power. Matured internet market. High level of entry barrier to the server market. Wireless applications Well, company pisses a good place in the market just with little feasible strategies to market changes ,IBM can hold a large share in the market .since IBM has very less count of competitors In its segment; almost the star of its field, through these specifications IBM can create a monopoly in the market. The internet is one of the wide application, that is growing faster than anything on earth, the opportunity is open for IBM ,because IBM already in this field by providing huge data storage facilities .since ,IBM is almost created monopoly on server market ,thats why it is not easy for other companies to enter in this field and compete over IBM, except some huge market giants like Microsoft Wireless solutions enable customers to extend their reach to clients ,suppliers and employees using wireless and emerging technologies. Threats: Customers may have high experience on the service. Customers may have low switching costs. IBM has high switching costs on the core hardware. Due to Intense competition. High threat of substitutes in the market. As being one of the oldest players of its field, customer may look for change. Todays market is so flexible; IBM may face threat from small companies like Compaq because of their small size they can change rapidly with customer environment. IBM high spending than its earning on research and development can be a loophole for IBM. Because of very limited suppliers during value chain process, IBM can barely afford to substitute. 7). Strategic challenge/ issue: These are the aspects that affect the strategy changes within the management of IBM. Stakeholder expectations and interests, owners private/shareholders profit, performance, direction, government taxation, VAT, legislation, Employment Rate, senior Management staff Performance, Targets, Non-managerial staff Rates of pay, Job security, working environment and hours, Trade Union working conditions, Minimum wage, Customers Quality, Customer, Care, Price, Creditors credit score, new contracts, Liquidity, Suppliers Long-term Contract, Stable, Payment, Local Community Jobs, Involvement, Environmental issues, shares. 8). Strategic option/ future strategy/ objectives: It is becoming widely understood that the way in which companies are behaving as a society is environmentally unsustainable, causing irreparable damage to our planet. Rising energy prices, together with government-imposed levies on production of carbon, has been increasingly impacting the cost of running business, making many current business practices economically unsustainable. It is becoming progressively more useful for all businesses to act in an environmentally responsible manner, both to fulfil their legal and moral obligations, but also to enhance the brand and to improve corporate image. Environmental issues are one of the important aspects of this company, because the material they use is toxic in nature and the use of these gadgets is all over the world and in massive amount. Thats why government are getting strict on these factors and screwing it up day by day with strict rules. IBM has already begun on this champagne of green and save energy cost which worth million, fro m their environmental strategy IBM has save 40% of energy. This dimension is eco friendly as well a positive sign for IBM because they are saving huge amount of energy amount. Hungry for change: The future enterprise is empowered to change rapidly and successfully. Rather, merely responding to trends, it changes itself to shapes and leads them. To move ahead of the competition, market and industry shifts are a good chance. Innovative beyond customer imagination: The expectations of the increasing demands of the customers can be surpassed by the future enterprise. Deep collaboration of the relationships allows it to surprise customer with innovations that make both its customers and its business successful. Globally integrated: To take the advantage of todays global economy, the future enterprise had integrated. Its business has been strategically designed in order to access the best capabilities, assets and knowledge from anywhere they reside in the world and apply them wherever required in the world. Disruptive by nature: The business model is radically challenged and disrupts the basis of competition. This also leads to a shift in the traditional delivery approaches, proposition value, and also as the opportunities arises it reinvents itself and its complete industry genuine not just generous. The future enterprise goes beyond philanthropy and compliance and also the genuine concern for society in action and decisions is reflected. 9). Implementation and change: IBM has the biggest threat in front of it that is global recession. The company has to find some strategy which act as cure for their company in this unsteady market. The main focus problems for the company are: Complexity. Inflexibility. Speed. Scale. The antidote to complexity is transparency. Complexity can hide the reality about financial condition. This led to great uncertainty in the minds of investors and can cause irrational behaviour among players. Runs on solvent companies arise where customers cannot tell the difference between those organisations which can meet their financial obligations and those which cannot. The first remedy to future crises is greater transparency in the form of stronger reporting requirements to the public. The antidote to inflexibility is insurance. Firms and individuals who want to borrow should be required to purchase â€Å"shock absorbers† with which to withstand a loss of income, natural disaster or default. The most basic kind is a â€Å"rainy day account† a reserve fund of cash that a firm or individual could use in case of adversity. The antidote to speed is a coordinated braking mechanism. Trading in markets can be suspended, as can provide a â€Å"cooling off† period in which news and information can disperse, allowing panicked player to assess the situation more fully. The brakes need to be applied infrequently and carefully. If player in the market can correctly anticipate a reaction by governments, the player will begin to game system. The antidote to the massive scale of losses will be the creation of larger reserve institutions. The company must maintain a reserve that is equal to the loss they has expected and creates dent to such occasion. The company must consider the another constraints like global currency slump, wealth distribution scheme. 10). Conclusion: The information and fact available above in report, gives a brief over-view of IBM strategies and core operation via SWOT and Internal analysis which includes sales and distribution, KFS, PESTEL and Porter 5 Forces. This report also lightens the future objectives and challenges for organisation. And on the basis of above analysis the last aim of this report is to suggest some of the strategy which covers the loophole of the organisation weak points.

The Handmaids Tale - Social Situation :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Handmaids Tale - Social Situation Margaret Atwood's novel The Handmaids Tale belongs to the genre of anti-utopian (dystopian) science fiction where we read about a woman's fictive autobiography of a nightmarish United States at the end of the twentieth century when democratic institutions have been violently overthrown and replaced by the new fundamentalist republic of Gilead. In the novel the majority of the population are suppressed by using a "Bible-based" religion as an excuse for the suppression. How does this work and why can the girls, the so called Handmaids, be considered the victims of society? Also, in what way does Gilead use biblical allusions? That is some of the questions this essay will give answers for. To begin with the so called Handmaids are girls who have only one purpose in life which is to reproduce. They are women who when have reached the age and maturity to reproduce have been taken to Gilead where they are tattooed with four digits and an eye (Gilead's tattoo which works as a passport in reverse) which immobilises them, in contrast to the winged male eye which is the state symbol. Then they are re-educated at the so called Red-centre, the name emphasises female sexuality and how they are taught there can be linked with brainwashing. They are told how lucky they should feel because they have been saved from the primitive and cruel outside world where women are being raped and maltreated. Other things they learn are numerous sayings and mottos of the Red-centre like "Pen is Envy" which is based on a Freudian psychoanalytic theory which presents "penis envy" as an essential element of femininity, and a mark of "woman's natural inferiority to men". So knowing this, are they actually better of in Gilead? There they are "valued only in terms of their biological usefulness as child bearers" due to that the birth rate in the society has fallen to a catastrophically low level because of deadly pollution and sexually transmitted diseases which cause sterility and infertility. They are known by their Commanders first names, Of -(name of commander), this to underline their function as sexual objects without individuality. Moreover, apart from being deprived their own names Handmaids are also deprived legal rights.

Descartes’ First Argument of God’s Existence in Third Mediation

In this paper, I would like to critically discuss paragraph 24 in Descartes’ third meditation. First of all, I would like to give an explanation of the proposal that Descartes’ criticizes in this paragraph. Secondly, I will evaluate Descartes’ response to this proposal. Finally, I will give considerations that support the â€Å"finite first† and â€Å"infinite first† pictures and analyze which picture I think is more plausible. Firstly, I want to give the background of the proposal that Descartes criticizes in paragraph 24. In Third Meditation, Descartes argues the existence of God for the first time.His argument is known as the cognitive causal principle and goes like this: 1) The cause of an idea must contain formally (or eminently) as much reality as the idea contains objectively. 2) My idea of God contains infinite reality objectively. 3) My idea of God is caused by something that contains infinite (unlimited) reality, eminently or formally. 4) Only God has unlimited reality. 5) Therefore, God exists. In this argument, Descartes means that the reality that exists in the world has formal reality, and the reality that exists in our mind as an idea has objectively reality.In order for an idea to contain objective reality, it has to have a cause that contains as much or more reality formally. For example, we have an idea of a chair objectively, and chair that exists in the world has to contain as much or more formal reality to cause my idea of a chair. In the case of God’s existence, Descartes’ main idea of his argument is that we can understand God exists through our idea of God, because our idea of God contains infinite objective reality that is caused by God who has infinite formal reality.Descartes’ argument is striking and controversial. By looking at this argument on the surface, it is natural to question why we should think the cause of an idea has to have as much reality as the idea being caused, a nd why our idea of God has infinite objective reality. Descartes himself may expect many criticisms to his argument, so here is how Descartes advances his argument through criticizing this proposal in paragraph 24. If this proposal is not addressed and criticized, it will cause a problem for his first argument of the existence of God.This proposal is that, the acquisition of our idea of God simply begins with our cognition of finite things. When we cognize finite things, we negate finite things and remove the limits of finite things, then we can get an idea of the infinite. Our idea of God is merely how we cognize ourselves as finite and limited, thus we come up with an imagination that there is an infinite being who is limitless, and then we have the idea of God. If this proposal is true, Descartes’ first argument of the existence of God will become unsound, because our idea of God is simply our imagination that has no objective reality.Descartes’ response to this pro posal points out we do not come up with this idea of an infinite being by beginning with our recognition of finite things. According to Descartes in paragraph 24, being able to negate finite things requires that we already see ourselves as limited/finite, which in turn that we must already have conceptions of the unlimited and infinite. In other words, in order for us to cognize that we are a limited/finite being, we must first have an idea of the unlimited. Therefore, Descartes believes that our idea of infinite being should come before our perception of us being finite beings.If we do not have this idea of God first, we may never have a cognition that we are limited and may not even be able to negate finite things. I also think what Descartes believes is not that we cannot think of ourselves without being aware of an infinite being at first. In fact, I think Descartes actually does not deny that we get access to our idea of the infinite through being aware of the finite first. Our understanding of ourselves being finite beings can lead us to our idea of an infinite being/God.I think Descartes just wants to clarify that our being able to be aware of the finite and negating it presupposes that we already have a conception of the infinite innately prior to that. Our idea of the infinite is present in us with reality but not merely a negation of the finite that begins with the finite first. Here I think Descartes suggests a substantial claim about the essence of our idea of God. From understanding Descartes’ claims, I would like to give considerations that support both the â€Å"finite first† and â€Å"infinite first† pictures for a further discussion.In the finite picture, I think it seems possible that our idea of good could merely be some extensions of our finite virtues. We do not negate our finiteness to infiniteness for the idea of God, but we extend our virtues to have the idea. For example, we have benevolence and we extend this virt ue, thinking that there may be an infinite being with infinite benevolence, and then we may have an idea of God. If this finite first picture is true, we may not have a real idea of God that represents who he is, and our idea of God is merely our imagination from finite things and thus does not contain infinite reality.I think the ‘finite first picture’ is less convincing to me, so I would like to explain this with my consideration of the ‘infinite first picture’. I think our being able to extend virtues also presupposes that we already have a conception of the infinite, because being able to conceive something greater than us also means we are aware of our finiteness/limits. As Descartes discusses, being able to cognize the finite presupposes that our idea of God is already in us prior to it. For example, we have an idea of God being infinite through realizing us being finite.On the other hand, we also can have an idea of God who has infinite benevolence t hrough realizing we have benevolence. Our being able to extend virtue is another way that presupposes our idea of God is already in us enabling us to do this. Therefore, I think the â€Å"infinite first picture† is more convincing that all of our understandings of our idea of God, which are negating the finite, extending virtues, enlarging abilities (e. g. I can read signs of human behaviors but God could read people’s mind) and etc, depends on our innate idea of God/the infinite which is already in us prior to these.To conclude, I think we can understand the plausibility of Descartes’ first argument of God’s existence (that there is an infinite being/God who has infinite formal reality causes my idea of God that has infinite objective reality) through this proposal he criticizes and his responses in paragraph 24, because it gives a sense why our idea of God contains infinite objective reality. His argument seems more plausible with a convincing claim tha t the idea of God already possesses in us prior to all of our cognitions of God. .

Answer Questions After Watch Video Example

Answer Questions After Watch Video Example Answer Questions After Watch Video – Book Report/Review Example ID Diamond Mining in Russia and Canada. Diamond is the hardest known naturally occurring mineral on earth. It contains carbon and is very rare, making it the world’s most popular gemstone. Only a few commercially viable mines are currently operational in the world. The following paper highlights the locations of the diamond mines and briefly reveals the technical aspect, the human and environmental issues related to diamond mining.One of the mines discussed in the videos is, Ekati Diamond Mines located in the North East of Yellow Knife, in Canada, south of the Arctic Circle. Canada also has the Diavik Diamond Mines. They are approximately 300km northeast of Yellow Knife in the northwestern part of Canada around 140 miles south of the Arctic Circle. In Russia, the Nyurbinsky Mines are close to the famous Mir Mines, located in the northeast part of Siberia. Diamond mining has adverse effects on the environment and the ecosystems (Diavik Diamond Mine). They pollute the water and interfere with water flow. Mining activities lead to the death of the fish, bears, wolverines, and caribou living around the mines. In addition, mining causes land disturbances and displacement of large portions of the soil. Industrial activities cause air pollution and release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The workers who toil in the underground tunnels of the Russian mines are at risk of dying in the event the ground above them gives way (Chilcote). The mines also have adverse effects on the lives of individuals living nearby. For example, the interference with the ecosystem eventually leads to depletion of animal food reserves for the Aboriginal communities in Siberia. However, the communities also benefit from the mines. For example, around the Diavik Mines, the company trains and employs locals in their mining industries.To sum up, the methods used to mine the diamonds include open cast, surface, underground and marine mining. The process requires the use of big drille rs, mega movers and large bulldozers (Ekati Diamond Mine National Geographic). Sometimes the use of explosives is necessary. The drillers and the bulldozers could be as high as 28 and 10.5 meters respectively. The shovels of the mega movers have steel alloy to facilitate easy penetration of the hard rocks. Hence, it is essential that the mining companies acquire the appropriate equipment to facilitate easy and safe mining.Work CitedChilcote, R. "Diamond Mining: Inside Earths Gigantic Holes."Online video clip. YouTube. Bloomberg, 2 October 2013. Web.Diavik Diamond Mine. Canada, 4 March 2015. Web.National Geographic Channel. Ekati Diamond Mine National Geographic. Canada, 27 July 2005. Web.

Summary One Essays

Summary One Essays Summary One Essay Summary One Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Summary One The article â€Å"Elements of Strategic Planning and Management in Municipal Government: Status after Two Decades† explores the application of planning and management procedures in municipal governing entities that have populations of over 25,000. A survey was carried out to determine the relevance of strategic planning in municipalities. Strategic planning and management in municipal governments is crucial since it creates efficiency in these systems. Government policy requires municipal governments to employ the use of strategic planning and management approach to maximize efficiency. However, research shows that the application of strategic planning is not always easy to achieve. The article’s point of discovery begins from the determination of what strategic planning is its purpose in municipalities, and its use among other factors. Strategic planning is used to uphold a desirable balance between an organization and the environment within which it operates over a long period. Strategic planning works only when planned action is effectively linked to implementation. A survey given to municipal managers revealed that out of 512 managers only 44 percent employed strategic planning. However, the 44 percent reported that not all strategic plans were implemented. Strategic plan is effective when relevant stakeholders are involved with 60 percent of the local governments that responded affirming that citizens, politicians and other stakeholders were involved in strategic planning processes. Another important factor in strategic planning is the elements used on creating a strategic plan. The respondents of the survey indicated that the most frequently used elements of strategic planning were development of goals and objectives, vision for the future, which was followed by a review of organizational mission goals and finally developing action plans. Implementation of strategic planning requires applying strategic management practices that are divided into four levels. These levels tie into how planning allocates resources, how the municipalities manage their performance and the processes involved in measuring their performance. The results of the survey indicated that strategic planning had helped municipal governments to operate their cities more effectively therefore achieving beneficial result for the municipalities. Summary Two The article â€Å"Effects of Economic Development Strategies in Local Municipalities† by Robbie Waters through survey explore the effects of economic development planning in municipalities that employ them. It has been suggested that economic development planning can be the solution to all the problems facing a community. Literature in economics reveals that effective economic development planning is believed to reduce unemployment rates. In this regard, job creation for the community drives cities to practice economic development strategies and policies. To determine the effectiveness of economic development plans, the article compares the status of cities that employ economic polices to those that do not. This is done by comparing unemployment rates over a five-year period. A survey conducted by International City/Council Management in 1999 and 2004 on chief administration officer in US cities with over 10000 and counties with a population of over 50000 reveal that localities that have written down economic development plans, on an average achieve a reduction in employment rate by 0.76 percentage points. It was also determined that areas with written business strategies had experienced a higher level of unemployment than areas without this form of planning by a 1.16 percentage points. Depending on the model used, the statistical significance is dramatically changed affecting the unemployment rates in the cities. The main aim of economic development planning remains to be growing economically sustainable communities that will create employment opportunities. However, the results acquired from the survey suggest that economic development plans need to be revised to suit the needs of the community. Therefore, the results raise questions as to the relevance of economic development planning in local governments. The results achieved in the survey also suggest that local governments do not employ strategic applications in implementing their economic plans. The evidence also brings into question the commitment of municipal authorities in implementing their plans for the cities they run. In view of the questions raised, future research should aim disambiguating the results and include more parameters that will make to enrich the research and settle the questions that have arisen in research. Summary Three Competing and Cooperating across State Borders in Economic Development: A Call for ‘‘Coopertition’’ by Jon Lombard and John Morris discuss the importance of cooperation of local and state government in economic development. Successful economic development is expected to provide tangible benefits for members of the community within a state or locality. This is seen by the ability for these entities to attract business. Competition however has moved from regional competition to national and international proportions. The essay proposes that competition and cooperation are not opposing forces but rather necessary ingredients to economic success. Considering the relevance of the two, the term coopertition is formed to describe the dual nature of government incentives in aiding economic development. Competition in the past among states for economic developments has been seen to create winners and losers. However, governments have come to the realization that the competition is beneficial to all involved when resources are pulled. Therefore, economic development necessitates a competitive element. Coopertition is an essential part of economic development that seeks to make use of the advantages inherent by cooperating with other governments. It is important to note that coopertition results in the creation of a new economic unit that is not only bigger and better, but also offers its participants a resource base that is unmatched by smaller entities that are competing. The Federal system in America creates a distinction in the political realm with well-defined borders. The hierarchical political structures in the government create levels of competing entities within this structure. From the national level, we derive the states vertically. However, competition exists in the horizontal layer where we have the states competing for economic development. This is the stage at which coopertition for economic development is at its best. The use of cooperation in developing economies has served the well in the United States. Local governments work together in an aim to maximize on benefits imagined in economic development. To achieve the necessity of coopertition, states may make informal agreements or understandings or even interstate compacts. Interstate compacts, however, are not popular because of the formality that goes with creating such an arrangement. Therefore, this is not the right approach to coopertition. In conclusion, the nature of economic development provides rich ground for study. It is evident that the individual forces in competition do not have as many benefits as coopertition does. Individualism undermines economic development. In this sense, it is necessary to explore the benefits of coopertition in enhancing cross-border economic success.

Icarus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Icarus - Essay Example The myth marks a lesson for the youth, for indeed Icarus was one himself. The Seagull example depicts him as a valorous young soul who takes to the skies bearing wings made out of wax and feathers while a seagull watches from below. In this instance, the seagull is symbolic of nature and its natural instinct not to overindulge in matters that are examples of poor judgment. Icarus flies high and dangerously, leading to his eventual demise in the waters below. Lord Frederic Leighton’s example relays the same arrogance, in which Icarus stands high and mighty like the statue behind him. Clearly, the mention of spring invites the reader to consider the lively nature of the season itself, full of life and harboring nature’s return in all its glory. Instead of basking in it, Icarus the youth spends his time testing his limits, going against the warnings of his father not to fly too close to the sun. This, as it turns out, was a perilous move, and Icarus had no one but himself to blame, as noted in â€Å"With Nothing But Courage:† Indeed, he flew with nothing but courage, which alludes to his lack of understanding of the gravity of the situation. This action speaks loudly to the mass of youth that let arrogance cloud their judgment. Indeed, he went against his father’s very advice not to â€Å"go too low, or water will weigh the wings down;  Dont go too high, or the suns fire will burn them,† (Ovid 24), causing the wax to melt and leading to his downfall. The freedom of flying did not come free of the perils of

Introduction to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Introduction to business - Essay Example This simply means that although one of the objectives of the organization is the generation of profits, organizations must include other relevant goals that would be beneficial to other stakeholders: the employees, customers, suppliers, investors, government agencies, and to the society, as a whole. These goals could include ensuring that the organization’s operations and production of products or services are consistent with the need to protect the environment and comply with quality standards imposed by government regulatory bodies. Likewise, it could also be indicative of ensuing â€Å"a satisfactory rate of return to investors, provide good salary, security and proper working condition to its employees, make available quality products at reasonable price to its consumers, maintain the environment properly† (Social Responsibilities of Business 38). By doing all these, in return these various stakeholders would patronize the organizations’ product or services a nd thereby ensure their continued

What makes Shakespeare's plays so very popular, even after all these Research Paper

What makes Shakespeare's plays so very popular, even after all these years - Research Paper Example Shakespeare’s plays are universal in the sense that they reflect reality. This reality is not the objective reality. Rather it is a kind of inner reality that dwell within the being of a man and that shapes the objective reality itself. In apparently simplistic language, but with rich metaphors and imagery, most of the Shakespeare’s plays lay bare the existence of that very existential being before the audiences. Indeed Shakespeare was a modern artist ahead of modernism, because though â€Å"Existentialism officially emerged in the middle of the 20th century many authors expressed familiar ideas much earlier. Shakespeare’s Hamlet posts some existentialist questions and expresses existentialist ideas† (Essay-911). Along with this exposure of a modern man’s naked inner self, his artistic bent to present the most complicated and the most clandestine truth through the simplest and the most appealing poetic language wins the heart of modern people with the least effort, as in this regard Johnson says, â€Å"Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life† (3). His art of characterizations also takes him to the core of human heart. His characters are not confined within the norms and rituals of a particular society; rather they are shaped by the common dynamics of human nature that exists in all the societies. Shakespeare’s portrayal of the characters is â€Å"not modified by the customs of particular places, unpractised by the rest of the world; by the peculiarities of studies or professions† (5). Modern existentialist scholars tend to mark the universality of the characters -of Shakespeare’s plays- as the portrayal of human’s very existential self. Such appraisal of Shakespeare’s art of characterization appears to be partial, not complete. But Johnson marks Shakespeare’s characters as the portrayal of humanity as he says,

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay White privilege is a way conceptualizing racial inequalities that white people accrue from society. It can be defined as a privilege advantage over non- white people, and give special freedom or immunity which non-white groups are not exempt from. An underexposed part of racism in America is the White people have a privilege that other American like the black race doesn’t. Defining White Privilege Autoredirect to Main Site. Web. 13 Apr. 2012.. White Privileged involve low crime suburban neighborhood, not facing poverty, and not facing injustice. The three majors articles that gives us a clear understanding as to White Privilege are Cradle to Prison Pipeline, Multicultural Community Practice strategies and intergroup empowerment, and Community Organization the elderly poor in San Franciscos Tenderloin District The articles will be discussed the different discrimination as to what is considered to be White Privileges in short to be white and privilege in our society. In our society the poor generally get blamed for all of the world’s problem, as the government official generally put the spotlight on the poor who are always in need where more than half our budget poured out to them year after year with no relief in sight. The poor are generally seen as causing their own problems and are poor because they want to be poor. Author Mr. Gutierrez quotes â€Å"In July 1998, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani pledged to end welfare and make New York City the work capital of the country. Individuals participating in New York Citys Family Assistance program had 15 year time limit on benefits and were required to participate in mandatory work activities, primarily Workfare. In addition, childless adults receiving assistance through the citys Safety Net program also were required to participate in work activities. New York Citys Work Experience Program, which went into effect in 1995, was heralded as the centerpieces of Giulianis efforts to move people off welfare rolls and into jobs. Members of Community Voice Heard an organization of made up low income people who were receiving public assistance-mostly women of color with children- indicated that they had not seen any positive change. Work force is a phony and it doesnt lead to jobs Gutierrez, Lorranie. Chapter 18. Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. Thousand Oaks,CA, 2005. 342-48. Print.. â€Å"The local perception of the lack of real jobs matched the Department of Labor’ data, particular poor areas. For example in January 1998, New York City’s unemployment rate was at 9. 1% among the highest in the country. In the boroughs of Brooklyn and the Bronx, unemployment rates were at 10. 6% and 11. 0% respectively. Moreover, even with the national economy booming at that time, most newly created jobs that paid close to a living wage required job skills at a higher level than most Workfare participants had. Most jobs created were in the service industry, which pays very low wages. It was clear that Workfare was not assisting people in moving out poverty and finding that paid a living wage†. Gutierrez, Lorranie. Chapter 18. Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. Thousand Oaks,CA, 2005. 342-48. Print. On the other hand as more poor whites are received welfare and receive public aid. The concept is that there are more blacks receiving welfare, and they are lazy milking the system. Welfare critics still state that Blacks should not set 33 percent of public aid as they only make up 12 percent of the general population. About 46. 2 percent of white receive public benefits of being white privilege. The critics and society shift the burden to blacks as White are seen as not even being a part of the system. White privilege is seen even in this dynamics, as our society overlook a certain segment of our society because of their race. In author Meredith Minkler article Community Organizing in San Francisco’s Tenderloin District he stated that â€Å"A culturally diverse, mixed -use, residential area, the forty- five- block district known as the Tenderloin is home to large numbers of elders on small fixed income, younger people with physical and mental disabilities, immigrants, and homeless people. Often just a step remove from homelessness, many of these residents confront daily the interrelated problems of health, social isolation, and powerlessness as a result of poverty and social marginalization. Three hundred times more densely populated than the city as a whole, this neighborhood for years has had the highest crime rate San Francisco. The city’s failure to enforce housing codes or building ordinances, the absence of any major grocery store chain, and the highest density of alcohol outlets in the city contribute to the prevalence of inadequate and unsafe housing, under nutrition and alcoholism†. Upper class elderly Whites people living in San Francisco’s live have had more opportunity to get the wealth as they were not open to blacks. Many others of these elders attribute their wealth as inheritance, as they contribute their wealth as nothing they have done. The elders’ whites have had a better starting point in life than blacks, as they live in the best neighborhoods within San Francisco and generally do not have to deal with not having health care and or becoming homeless. White Privilege gives them the all the power within our society to obtain all that life offers. Minkler, Meredith. Organizing with the Elderly Poor. Community Organizing with the Elderly Poor in San Franciscos Tenderloin District. New Jersey, 2005. 273-75. Print. Lastly in the article â€Å"An Overview of Key Factors Contributing to America’s Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis† focus on key points which are poor children of color are the canaries in America’s deep mines of racial and economic injustice, Homicide is the leading cause of death among Black males 15-34. Black males ages 15-19 are almost four times as likely as their White peers to die from firearms injury and are six times as likely to be homicide victims, and about 580,000 Black males are serving sentences in state or federal prison, while fewer than 40,000 Black males earn a bachelor’s degree each year. One in 3 Black men, 20-29 years old, is under correctional supervision or control. Chapter 1. An Overview of Key Factors Contributing to Americas Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis. 15-17. Web. Apr. -May 2012. . In a study published by Deidre Royster stated radicalized employment networks can benefit whites at the expense of black people. Deirde Royster research found out that black and whites who graduated from the same school with the same skill found that whites graduate more often, get employ, get high paid position, experienced less unemployment, and received my promotions. Deirde Roster concluded that the main cause of these racial differences was due to social networking. Since Whites control all the prestigious high paid jobs, they are more likely to offer assistance in their social network which is white people. Assistance can be anything from referrals, job vacancy information, formal and informal training, directed Job recruitment and leniency in supervision. White people are given the high paying jobs but blacks at are disadvantage in the employment sector that they are force to take minimum wage jobs. Other reacher by Deidre Royster shows there is a correlation between a persons name is more likely to receive a called back for a job interview. a good example is a names like John Smith or Mary Johnson the people with white sounding names are 60 percent likely to get a called back than people with black sounding name like Shiek Ail or Renee Burgess. This is despite equal resume quality between the two racial groups. White Privilege. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . An area in the Bronx, NY name Hunt Point where predominately Black and Hispanic live in has many social problem in the community. Hunts Point is considered a â€Å"Red Light District† area that has suffered from poverty and crime for a litany of years and is the poorest district in the Bronx County. The 41st police department in Hunts Point records shows Hunt Point has the highest crime violent in the whole New York City at 13. 3 percent. There is a drug trade going on in the area where the drug dealers are selling drugs to people in the community which instinctively become junkies. Hunts Point has also been known for its notorious prostitution. The prostitutes with their provocative outfits would be on the street to morning to nighttime trying to provide sexual services to get paid. The prostitution industry was so enormous that writers from HBO channel did four documentaries about the prostitution going on in Hunts Point and how it affect the community and the people living in there. Hunts Point, Bronx. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. . In another area right outside the Bronx there is City Island a peaceful suburban place where the population is predominately white. The City Island area just from observing you will see the reflection of a peaceful suburban community as white children play safely in the street where their parents don’t have to worry about the trappings of an urban community. The parents don’t have the worry about drug dealers selling drugs to their children or the danger that would potentially come to their children, due to drugs being sold within their community. Families are seen sitting on the porch enjoying themselves with no fear of getting caught up in a firearm crossfire. The police are seen patrolling the communities and are on call 24 hours seven days a week. Generally if one calls the police for help they would come out to the aid the person, calls are not ignored or worst yet viewed as not urgent it can wait as is regularly done in urban communities. The families living in City Island for the most part have great paying jobs paying above 50,000 dollars a year, as they are for the most part relief of worrying about falling into poverty like the people in urban communities such as Hunts Point who generally have low paying jobs or no jobs at all. In the summer time in City Island you can see most of the families on their boats or on their yachts having parties. As these people live totally differently lives then those of Black and Hispanic people living in urban communities in the Bronx. In 2003 the Department of Justice did a survey, and found that Black and Hispanic drivers are three times more likely to be searched than White drivers. White offenders are likely to receive lighter punishment than other minority groups. Black people who are arrested for drug possession for the first time are incarcerated forty times greater than white people. The incarceration rates are much higher for blacks and Latino people than whites. The Department of Justice found out that incarcerated rate is 4,619 per 1000,000 black males, and 1,747 per 100,000 for Hispanic males compared to 773 per 100,000 white males. White Privilege. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . Our society seemingly can’t get pass racism as a result white people are treated differently within the judicial system as they are for the most part never arrested and if they are arrested they generally are given more leniency than those who are black or Hispanic. Ohio University professor, writer and civil right advocate Michelle Alexander researched found out that more African American men are in jail, prison, paroled or on probation than were enslaved in 1850 before the civil war began. Ms. Alexander argues in her new book â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in Age of Colorblindness† that prisons have become the latest form of economic and social disfranchisement for young black males. Ms. Alexander asked a question in her book â€Å"If crime rates have fluctuated over the years and are now at historical low, then why have rates of incarcerated men of color skyrocketed over the past 30 years? † Michelle Alexander: More Black Men in Prison Than Were Enslaved in 1850 COLORLINES. COLORLINES. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . Ms. Alexander answered the question as she indicates that it due to the increase of the war on drugs. A war on drugs that you will only find in the poor communities where black and Latino live. Ms. Alexander got some information from the L. A. progressive studies, which show that white’s males are selling and using illegal drugs at much higher rates than blacks and Latino. Five out ten young Black males in inner city communities can expect to be incarcerated then that of White male in their lifetime. Ms. Alexander also states in here book that â€Å"Once a black man is label a felon they will experiences all kinds’ discrimination that once applied in the Jim Crow era. Once a black man is labeled a felon, as he will be denied the right to vote, excluded from juries duty, and legally discriminated in employment. This is what African Americans forefather when thought when growing up in the Jim Crow era. Ms. Alexander uses a great example in the 2008 presidential election many African American was disenfranchised from voting. A rate of 5. 3 African Americans have currently or permanently lost their right of vote from being incarnated but For African American males the rate is seven times the nation average. Michelle Alexander: More Black Men in Prison Than Were Enslaved in 1850 COLORLINES. COLORLINES. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . At New York State Assembly were I am interning for the past two semesters for Assemblymen Peter Rivera’s office; the Assemblyman has advocate for racial discrimination in state government employment against Blacks and Hispanic. Assemblyman Rivera has been working with President of Black in Government Mr.ton Simpson has been investigating how Civil Service have been under representing minorities in government employment. According to Assemblyman Peter Rivera â€Å"After finding brief analysis data from the Department of Civil Service the data show a problematic trend in hiring African Americans and Hispanics that need to be stop and resolve†. Assemblyman River also added, â€Å"It is unsettling to see that white minority communities are experiencing an explosion growth their access to civil service employment is declining. This is absolutely unacceptable†. Assemblyman Peter Rivera Press Release Saturday, April 16, 2005. New York State Assembly. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . President of Blacks in Government Mr. Merton Simpson Whom sue New York State for not given him the right to review and challenge opportunity on a promotion test he believe and rightfully passed. At the time Mr. Simpson work for the civil services department and believe the test was racial bias and don’t want Blacks and Hispanic people seeking management or supervisory positions. Mr. Simpson written Civil Services and Equal Opportunity Employment, but both failed to rectify the problem. Mr. Simpson and several other minority employees whom felt that Civil Services Department was being unfair filed a law suit in the Northern District Court against New York State for being racial bias on a test. Mr. Simpson eventually lost his job and the state excuse him of fomenting trouble. Mr. Simpson and the other minority employees won the case and said that â€Å"We are only looking for fairness in testing and hope this will improve the civil services system†. New York State Offers $45M to End Civil Service Test Bias Lawsuit. Times Union. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. . The experience I had at my internship was sorrow but positive at the same time. It show the state must be impartial not only to whites employees but to Black and Hispanics employees as well. In our society today it has become somewhat difficult to avoid discrimination for certain segment of our population in particularly black and Hispanic as they refuse to hire them and if they hire them they are discriminated against in the forms of such as never getting promotions, receiving lower pay and been look down upon as not being capable to perform their duties effectively. Laws are put in place to prevent certain types of discrimination; however there are always loopholes in getting around these laws. Employers cannot discriminate against one because of the skin color or but it is being done in the most not easily seen ways that it can become difficult to see. I believe that there has to be some clear distinctive individual goals put in place for each employer, so that they may understand the benefits of hiring black and Hispanics which just not benefits the workplace as it lends to tolerance for each other, and for those employers who have hired blacks and Hispanics there has to be goals put implemented for tolerance for diversity within the workplace. Inclusiveness of all races in the workplace presents for a better society. Presenting these ideas to employer would be most difficult and I would like to set my ideas and plans in direct ways to help in this area someday. The first set goals that I would like to draft and then present to employers it in the form of workshops designed in the form of role playing, teaching materials and homework to see if the steps are being learned and fostered. Secondly I would come up with a bud system or a mentors system where blacks and Hispanics would be teamed up a someone other than their own ethnicity within the workplace, as the mentoring is presented just not in the workplace but outside the workplace as well. I believed that this can be done within the workplace through implementing and distribute direct discrimination policy that clearly states disciplinary action warranted if not carried out. The plans will allow for teaching acceptances to providing learning about another cultural distinctions such as religion or ethnic traditions and holidays, Create worker caucus or councils groups to discuss workplace experiences and to suggest solutions, encourage workers to tell managers or employers about discrimination against others or themselves, to take action when discrimination presents its ugly head, and finally conduct discrimination policy training classes at every level. I will then present these goals to the executive office so they can get behind me and support these goals. I believe the executive office that accept and foster these goals will be on the road of diminishing discrimination within the workplace. Finally, white privilege is the privilege advantage over non-white people, as they are given special freedom or immunity that non-white groups are not exempt from. The article Contributing to America‘s Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis, Community Organization the Elderly Poor in San Francisco’s Tenderloin District and Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. The articles present examples as to how society has given special freedom and immunity to whites but blacks are not given the same exemptions. Blacks are perceived to be the cause of society ills as they are lazy and are on welfare, taking and selling drugs, contribute to the high crime rates, uneducated, uncivilized and violet. The fact are that there are more whites on welfare than blacks on the welfare rolls as whites make up 46. 2 percent on welfare while blacks make up 33 percent. More whites are using and selling drugs, and there are just as much uneducated whites as to blacks; however society makes excuses for whites and allow acceptance more so than for blacks. Blacks are more likely to be criminalized as they are given little to no immunity within the judicial system. Once a black person receives a felon record they are even more discriminated against as they lose the right to vote, to obtain public housing and it becomes more difficult to obtain employment. Society has to understand that we are all one people there is no one group more superior than another group. We are all human beings living in the world, as we live the only one life that was given to us tolerance for diversity has to be implemented and foster in our society. Life is truly short and if you blink to long it is gone, if people could understand this concept I believe that it would be a better world for all people.