Effects Of Foreign Direct Investment On Economic Growth

Joana Hassan Katherine Schmeiser International Trade 17th October, 2015 Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Ghana Abstract It has been widely believed that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) assists developing countries with the much-needed capital for economic growth. Part of the foreign direct investment is the inflow of up to date technology and management skills. In this paper, I will investigate to what extent foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana affects the nation s Economic Growth and Development by addressing selected macro economic variables including GDP, Employment and Wages (Income). The Heckscher-ohlin model will be used to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment and Economic growth whiles Graphical analysis will be used to determine the effects of foreign direct investment on the selected macroeconomic variables. What has increasing FDI inflows contributed to Ghana’s economic growth? Has the contribution increased or decreased overtime? Has the effects of foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana been positive or negative? The study seeks to answer these an d many more questions on the effects of foreign direct investment. I hypothesize that foreign direct investment has no significant impact on GDP but positively affects employment and wages overtime. Foreign direct investment should therefore be encouraged in developing countries like Ghana. Introduction FDI in Ghana has been on the rise in the past fewShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Malaysia3880 Words   |  16 Pages The general and specific objectives are listed and the scopes of the study are described. 1.1 Background of the Study 1.1.1 Malaysia Economic Growth Malaysian economy was consistently reached a GDP growth of more than 7% followed by the low inflation rate in the 1980s and 1990s. 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Conflict Management - 1469 Words

Conflict Management Conflict Management Yamil Little Strayer University BUS520 Dr. Anthony Hughes 02/27/11 Conflict Management Introduction In today’s ever-changing business environment organizations encounter varying levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Intrapersonal conflict is a battle within oneself, which usually involves a life goal and/or change. Interpersonal conflict is when two or more people have opposing perspectives to a given situation. Intragroup conflict is when disagreements occur amongst some or all members of a group and ultimately affects productivity. Intergroup conflict is when disagreements occur between different teams or groups. The†¦show more content†¦Occurring Conflicts Mike Hammer, CEO of General Hospital, realized that there were many problems within the hospital. Without progressive action the hospital would soon face survivability issues and possibly lose its accreditation to practice medicine. Mike Hammer’s biggest challenge at General Hospital was to cut costs while increasing revenues so that promising current services added in areas that will allow General Hospital to compete with the medical center. In Hammer’s experience physician costs were a major factor in the inability of hospitals being able to regulate costs. He believed that physicians didn’t understand that their costs were directly connected to the viability of the hospital in which they worked. General Hospital’s failure to achieve effective cost control methods led Hammer to believe that physician-controlled costs had to be addressed, one physician at a time. The hiring of Marge Harding as the hospital’s chief operating officer and giving her unilateral authority to place contacts and fire employees enabled Mike Hammer to test his cost control theory. At General Hospital Dr. James Boyer, whose salary is roughly $100,000 a year, interpreted all EKG readings. 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Bhaviour across the lifespan Free Essays

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development is I think explained best the personality development of an individual. His theory focused on the boundary between the child and the environment and then graphed the evolution of the maturing ego’s relations with an expanding social world. Psychological developments results from the interaction between maturational process or biological needs and the societal demands and social forces encountered in everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Bhaviour across the lifespan or any similar topic only for you Order Now His theory concerns psychological development throughout the lifespan, rather than just the birth through adolescence. He based his theory on the concept of epigenetic principle, which means that development takes place in order, clearly identified stages, and that phase ought to be adequately resolved for growth to proceed smoothly. The eight stages of the life cycle clearly illustrate the development of an infant to his older years. He believes that development does not end when maturity is reached, but extends into old age which is very true. The process of learning continues throughout life. For instance, stage 1 of Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust theory, infants learn either to trust or mistrust that their needs will be met on the basis of their experience (Sternberg and Wilson, 2004). Successful passage of this stage leads to a child that wants to learn to become self-sufficient and to develop his own independence. At each step of development, children learn that certain behaviors are acceptable whereas others are not. The years of middle childhood are particularly for the learning taught by the family, culture, and society. Peer relationships become more important over family. Erikson believed that individuals on this stage search for an identity as part of the society and must balance the desire to be unique and the need to conform. Adulthood life stages focused on achieving unselfish love, the feeling of productivity and wisdom. Certainly, that many people experience conflicts at the ages Erikson specified, everyone would undergo the eight life cycles, but then successful passage of these stages can be a healthy experience for an individual. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been regarded as a neurotic disorder, like phobias and anxiety states. A neurotic patient, unlike a psychotic, he is aware that he has a problem- that is, he has insight and his contact with the outside world is relatively intact. People with this problem can suffer considerable distress, and often feel that they are helpless victims. Severe OCD can cause major incapacitation and drastically affects people’s lives. Criteria used for diagnosing OCD are: a person must have obsessions, compulsions or both; the disorder is not due to another disorder such as depression or organic disorders. Finally, the obsession and/or compulsion cause distress to the person and interfere with his life and activities (Penzel, 2000). A person with this disorder experienced unwanted recurrent and persistent thought which is not voluntarily produced just like when one is saying I am obsessed in football but experiences that invade a person’s consciousness that can be worrying, repugnant, blasphemous, obscene or nonsensical. An obsession is a passive experience: it happens to the person. He may be engaged in some activity, like driving a car, when the obsession intrudes into his consciousness. It disrupts his normal thinking and behavior. Compulsion on the other hand is a repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior that is performed according to specific rules or in a stereotyped manner (Maj, 2003). The behavior is not an end in itself, but is usually intended to prevent some situation or event, though, the action is not related in a logical or reasonable way, or it may be clearly excessive. The person feels a strong compulsive urge to engage in a particular behavior which he carries out despite resistance and recognizing that it is irrational or excessive. Recovering from OC disorder is not simply a matter of sheer willpower or resistance. OC individuals need intensive help in retraining themselves, both in terms of behavior and their outlook on life. Therapies such as behavioral, cognitive and psychotherapy are the treatments that were used by psychiatrist in order to help an OC person to overcome his disease. Medications like antidepressants can also help to treat OCD, but important treatment came from the person itself, his willingness and the support from the people around him. WORK CITED Sternberg, R. Wilson, J. (2004). Psychology. US: Thomson Wadsworth Maj, M. (2003). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. England: John Wiley and Sons Penzel, F. (2000). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well. New York: Oxford University Press How to cite Bhaviour across the lifespan, Papers

Relevance of the Abundance of Natural Resources in U.S. Compared to Countries without Natural Resources free essay sample

Historians traditionally considered abundance of natural resources as the direct cause of industrial revolution and economic success in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance of the Abundance of Natural Resources in U.S. Compared to Countries without Natural Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. However, the bright example of Japan suggests that the presence or absence of natural resources is not the determining factor driving economic stability and prosperity among industrial states. In reality, American economic successes stretch far beyond the traditional â€Å"resource† vision, and are the direct results of the thoroughly developed approaches to exploration, research, human capital, and marketing. The mere lack or abundance of natural resources is not always the source of economic successes in particular countries; rather, the ability to combine science and exploration with talents, trade, and marketing help countries use their resource potential to the fullest, and form the basis for economic development and economic stability in international contexts. David Wright (1991) were the first to pay attention to the role mineral resources played in economic development; they were the first to explore whether abundance of natural resources could serve the determining factor of economic success in the U.S. The results of the thorough historic research suggest that mineral resources may significantly contribute into the quality and level of the country’s industrial development only when the country is able to fully exploit its natural resource potential. â€Å"Minerals with economic value do indeed occur unevenly across the surface of the earth, but, between 1850 and 1950, the United States exploited its resource potential to a far greater extent that other countries of the world† (David Wright 1991, p. 2). Abundance of mineral resources alone could hardly drive economic development in the United States; rather, the intensity of exploration, research, the quality of technologies used, and political factors have turned the American state into the international economic leader. The natural richness of the American lands has subsequently increased the weight of exports in the U.S. economy, by combining research with talented personnel and well-developed marketing techniques. The presence or absence of mineral resources forms a whole complex of related issues that should be timely resolved to ensure that natural resources increase the effectiveness of national economic performance. The abundance of natural resources in the U.S. should be re-considered through the prism of supplementary economic successes, which drove the need for better exploration techniques and the better quality of manufactured materials. For example, â€Å"advances in steel were in turn complementary to progress in other industries. U.S. rubber-tire makers were well behind the French during the bicycle craze of the 1890s, and only gained productivity advantage in conjunction with mass production of automobiles† (Wright 1990, p.655). As a result, the state’s ability to develop potential markets where natural resources could be effectively used determined the success of exploration procedures, and increased the relative importance of nature in driving the national economic success. Wright and Irwin suggest that the successful combination of natural resource abundance and reliable marketing approaches formed a new system of the American exports, heavily dependent on the quality and amount of the new products which could be produced in the U.S. but were unavailable elsewhere (Wright 1990, p. 654). The American resource leadership was the direct result of the efficient combination between marketing, human capital, and science, decreasing product costs and increasing the intensiveness of exploration and use for nonrenewable natural resources (Irwin 2003, pp. 367-368). Conclusion Against traditional beliefs, abundance of natural resources is not the determining feature driving economic success; rather, the country’s ability to invest into exploration, research, and to combine resource abundance with effective trade and marketing strategies determine the success of economic development in international contexts. In the U.S., natural richness was successfully supplemented with effective economic, marketing, and political measures, having turned the country into the international exporting leader, and promoting the importance of complex approaches to the development and research of natural economic gifts.